سم خطرناک در سفره های مردم

تاریخ انتشار: 1398/06/11

مقدمه: جوش شیرین از آن دسته مواد افزودنی شیمیایی است که استفاده از آن در میان نانوایان سنتی رواج بسیاری دارد. جوش شیرین به منظور جلوگیری از سفت و لاستیکی شدن نان و تسریع در عمل آمدن خمیر و در واقع به جای مخمر ( خمیرمایه) مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. استفاده از این افزودنی در گذشته برای نانوایان سنتی کشور منع قانونی نداشت اما چند سالی است.

بسیاری از نانوایان این ادعا را دارند که جوش شیرین هیچ جایگزین دیگری ندارد درحالی‌که بهترین جایگزین برای آن، مخمر یا همان خمیرمایه و خمیرترش طبیعی است، ضمن اینکه خمیرترش، عطر و طعمی مطبوع هم به نان می‌بخشد. به عبارتی دیگر خمیرمایه همه مزایای جوش شیرین را داشته و در عین حال  هیچ کدام از مضرات و معایب آن را ندارد اما متأسفانه به دلیل چند برابر بودن نرخ آن نسبت به جوش شیرین و با توجه به تأخیر دولت در نرخ‌دهی سالیانه نان، نانوایان به جای استفاده از مخمر به استفاده از افزودنی ارزان قیمتی چون جوش شیرین روی آورده‌اند. درست است که جوش شیرین مزایا و کاربردهای بسیاری برای مصارف غیرخوراکی دارد اما استفاده از این افزودنی خطرناک در تولید مواد غذایی به‌ویژه نان، برای سلامت مصرف‌کننده به شدت خطرآفرین است و در درازمدت اثرات جبران‌ناپذیری بر دستگاه گوارش خواهد داشت و موجب اختلال در عملکرد معده و بیماری‌هایی خطرناک‌تر چون سوءهاضمه و زخم معده خواهد شد.


همچنین از مضرات مصرف خوراکی جوش شیرین می‌توان به اختلال در جذب کلسیم، فسفر و آهن اشاره نمود که در طولانی مدت منجر به کمبود ذخایر این مواد در بدن شده و اثرات مخربی چون نرمی و پوکی استخوان و فساد دندان‌ها، ایجاد بیماری سلیاک و حتی متأسفانه سرطان را در پی دارد. لذا با توجه به اینکه نان روزانه بخش اعظم سبد غذایی خانواده را تشکیل می‌دهد و نقش زیادی در انتقال انرژی، املاح معدنی و انرژی‌های مورد نیاز بدن دارد، باید از مصرف این افزودنی در تولید نان کشور به جد جلوگیری و با متخلفان برخورد شود و قوانینی سختگیرانه به این منظور لحاظ گردد. 
متأسفانه در حال حاضر مصرف جوش شیرین در میان نانوایان نان سنتی لواش و تافتون به وضوح بیشتر است.

 

در گذشته نانوایان زمان زیادی را برای تخمیر خمیر صرف می‌کردند و خمیر به روش طبیعی به عمل می‌آمد اما نانوایان بی‌حوصله امروزی که تعدادشان هم کم نیست، با استفاده از جوش شیرین عمل‌آوری سریع و البته کاذبی را برای خمیر نان ایجاد می‌کنند و از طرف دیگر برای صرفه‌جویی در هزینه‌هایشان به سراغ ماده‌ای می‌روند که ارزان‌تر باشد و متأسفانه به عواقب خطرناک آن فکر نمی‌کنند. با این که عدم استفاده از این ماده خطرناک تبدیل به یک قانون برای واحدهای نان سنتی کشور شده اما هنوز هم مصرف آن میان نانوایان رواج بسیاری دارد و کسی هم نظاره‌گر این موضوع مهم نیست و جلوی این اتفاق را نمی‌گیرد. چه بسا اینکه با قانون حذف حریم و حدود صنفی پای افراد به اصطلاح نانوا که در حقیقت هیچ دانش فنی در این حرفه تخصصی ندارند به صنف نانوایان باز شده و متأسفانه برخی از نانوایان ناآگاه، آزادانه دست به استفاده از جوش شیرین می‌زنند و بدتر اینکه هیچ کس هم به این معضل رسیدگی نمی‌کند. گویی نان و نانوا به حال خود رها شده‌اند و قرار نیست به حال و روز وخیم نان کشورمان رسیدگی شود. البته هستند نانوایانی با وجدان که از  افزودنی ضرر‌رسان جوش شیرین استفاده نمی‌کنند اما با این حال این ماده از نان کشورمان حذف نشده و در بسیاری از واحدها آزادانه مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. معلوم نیست چه کسی پاسخگوی تبعات سنگینی خواهد بود که این ماده خطرناک در درازمدت برای سلامت جامعه ایجاد خواهد کرد. متأسفانه آینده‌ای مبهم و تاریک در انتظار صنعتی است که متولی ندارد و این‌گونه رها شده است

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