نان سبوس‌دار یا سبوس مال

تاریخ انتشار: 1398/07/04

امروزه اکثر مردم نان‌‌های سفید (بدون سبوس) را به نان سبوس‌‌دار ترجیح می‌دهند. همچنین با توجه به اینکه ظاهر نان سفید مطلوب­تر است و مشتریان به دنبال خرید نان به ظاهر با کیفیت هستند، سراغ نانوایی های می­روند که نان سفید طبخ می کنند، این در حالی است که این نوع نان در ظاهر با کیفیت تر است اما در واقعیت اینگونه نیست و به دلیل اینکه ترکیبات اصلی گندم از آرد جدا شده، خاصیت چندانی ندارد. از طرف دیگر همین استقبال مشتریان باعث شده، نانوایی ها با وجود اینکه قیمت هر کیسه آرد سفید گرانتر از آرد سبوس دار است، از آرد سفید استفاده کنند. در حال حاضر تمام متخصصین تغذیه در جهان مردم را به استفاده از غلات کامل تشویق می‌‌کنند. منظور از غلات کامل یا نان کامل، نان‌‌هایی هستند که سبوس آن‌‌ها همراه با آرد آسیاب شده و با آن مخلوط شده باشد. اشتباه رایجی که در نانوایی‌‌های کشور وجود دارد این است که سبوس را به صورت جداگانه روی نان می‌‌پاشند، که در این روش نه ‌‌تنها نان سبوس‌‌دار اثرات مثبتی نخواهد داشت، بلکه پخت نان به این شیوه باعث افزایش خطر بروز سرطان می‌شود. نانوایی های که روی شیشه نانوایی می نویسند: «نان سبوس دار موجود است»، نان را سبوس مال می کنند و آرد آنها سبوس دار نیست. برخی از مصرف کننده ها به دلیل توصیه پزشک به خرید این نوع نان روی می آورند و از آنجایی که به ازای هر نان  مبلغ  بیشتر می پردازند به استفاده از سبوس زیادتر در نان تاکید دارند و نانوایی ها نیز برای نشان دادن تفاوت این نوع نان با نان سفید، سبوس را روی خمیر می پاشند و از آنجایی که فوری در تنور قرار می گیرد زمانی برای تخمیر آن وجود ندارد، در زمان مصرف نه تنها مانع جذب املاح داخل آرد می شود، بلکه به سلامتی فرد نیز آسیب می رساند. اگر سبوس به همراه آرد آسیاب و با آن مخلوط نشده باشد و جداگانه روی نان پاشیده شود در طی فرآیند پخت که حرارت بالاست این سبوس می‌‌سوزد و باعث ایجاد ترکیب مضری به نام آکریلامید می‌‌شود که این ماده، یکی از مواد سرطان‌‌زاست. بنابراین سبوسی مفید است که هنگام آسیاب شدن گندم، همراه آن آسیاب شده و با آرد مخلوط شود. سبوس 20 درصد از وزن گندم را تشکیل می دهد و متشکل از پوسته‌‌ گندم و لایه‌‌ زیرین آن است و شامل مواد فیبری و غیرقابل هضم مثل سلولز، همی‌‌سلولز و لیگنین است. قسمت اعظم سبوس غیرقابل هضم است اما مقداری املاح، پروتئین، ویتامین‌‌های گروه B و ویتامین A نیز در آن وجود دارد. فیبر موجود در سبوس اگرچه غیرقابل هضم است اما حرکت غذا را در دستگاه گوارش تسهیل و تسریع می‌‌کند و همچنین با دفع مواد زائد از بدن، می‌‌تواند دارای خواص ضد سرطان نیز باشد. فیبر در پیشگیری از بیماری‌‌هایی نظیر چاقی، دیابت، فشار خون و بیماری‌‌های قلبی عروقی نقش موثری دارد. تنها عامل منفی‌‌ای که درباره سبوس وجود دارد، وجود ماده‌‌ای به نام اسید فیتیک در آن است. این ماده باعث کاهش جذب برخی املاح و مواد معدنی موجود در غذاها می‌‌شود. حال اگر تحت یک تخمیر مناسب قرار گیرد مشکلی از جهت جذب مواد معدنی و املاح وجود نخواهد داشت، زیرا یک تخمیر مناسب باعث کاهش اثرات منفی اسید فیتیک می شود. در نتیجه کارخانجات آرد باید سبوس را همراه با گندم آسیاب کنند و به صورت آرد سبوس دار به دست نانوایان برسانند، همچنین باید فرهنگ استفاده از نان های سبوس دار در جامعه رایج شود و فرهنگ سلامت مردم تغییر کند.

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